举个例子：你的注意力其实是被你的潜意识给抵消掉了
Your attention， for example， is mediated by unconscious forces
这点你自已是知道的你自已心里非明白这一点
and you know that， you know that perfectly well
是弗洛伊德观察得出的结果
and this is another Freudian observation
举个例子：比如你想要坐下好好学个习
You know， if you’re sitting down to study， for example
你知道你的主观目的是“学习”，但同时你也清楚的知道
your conscious intent ts to study but you know perfectly well
你脑子里各种各样的干扰你学习的“幻想”
that all sorts of distraction fantasies are going to
很讨厌地且源源不断地去“攻占你的大脑
enter the theatre of your imagination， non-stop and annoyingly
对于这些干扰，除了慢慢等它消去外
and， and there isn’t really a lot you dan do about that
你其实也没什么可做的
except maybe wait it out you know
所以，你本来是坐在那儿读书的，但你的注意力却飄走了
So youll be sitting there reading and your attention will flicker-away
你此时大脑里可能在遇我也不知道，或许你想看个电视
you’ll think about U dont know， maybe you want to watch
或干点儿别的什么萝情
Jane the vargin on Netflix or someching like that
可能你脑子重在想：是时候吃个生酱明了
or maybe it’s time to have a peanutbutter sandwich
或许你脑子里在想：我想要打扫下我的床底了
or.you should get the dust bunnies from out from underneath t
或许你脑子里在想：时候出去抽根儿烟了
or it’s time to go outside and have a cigarette
当然也有可能你想出去喝杯咖啡
or maybe it’s time for a cup of coffee
說像你的具已各个“子系统”突然之间向您强出了很多求
or it’s like all these subsystems in you that would like something
只要你坐在那儿看那本让你觉得恨无聊的书
aren’t. very happy just to sit there while you read this thing
你身体的子系统就会“不高兴”
that you’re actually bored by
并且它们会蹦出来，不断地试着去控制你的
And/southey pop up and try to take control of your perceptions
感知和行动
and your actions non-stop
比如你可能会想：这个课真的太大缺了
Maybe you think： well this is a stupid course anyways
为啥我要读这论文；为什么要上大学
why do l have to read this damn paper and what am i doing in university
人生的意咬究竟是什么…总之就是
and what’s the point of life， it’s like you can really. well
只要能够不做作业，你脑子里就能乱七八糟想堆
you can really get going if you’re trying to avoid doing your homework
然后你可能会想：我脑子里那个
and.and.and then you might think： well what is it in you
让我不断逃避学习的东西究竟是什么？因为到头还是得好好听课对
that’s trying to avoid because.after all you took the damn course
你明明告诉自己要坐下好好上课的
and you told yourself to sit down
可为啥你不听你自己的话
Why don’t you listen
其实，这是因为你这来就是一糟
Well.because you’repooyouire a mess
这是主因，你对自已一点儿自控力都没有
that，s basically why you haven’t got control over yourself at
你的自控力还没我对这台笔本的控制力强
and no more than I have control over this laptop
那么好，潜意识的话其实是具有记忆功能的
OKay so there’s the memory function of.of the unconscious
潜意识有一个“分解功能”，这还挺有意思的
and there’s the dis…o dissolutive function that’s an interesting one
潜意识包括你的习惯。这习惯是最初你主动形成
Tthe unconscious conTains habiTs onee voluntary
之后就完全是自动触发的了，并且和你的个性相分离
now automatized and dissociated elements of the personal
而这则会导致一种“依赖性存在”
which may lead a parasite existence
这一点还挺有趣的
that’s an interestine one
我的把这和“过程记忆联系来
I would relate that nore to procedural memory you know
你所做的，就是不断地去实践某个习惯。不管是什么习惯
So what you’ve done is practice certain habits whatever they might be
我们暂且把它们叫作坏习惯，并且你是非常想控制住你的坏习惯的
let’s call them bad habits and you like those things to get under control
但你就是做不到。比如你可能在说话的时候，你会很高频地使用就是"like"
but you can’t, so maybe when you’ re speaking, for example, you use"like"
“你懂的“还有“唱这一类的表达;因为这些表达你老用
and you know and you say “um” a lot,and you practice that
所以你很擅长使用这些表达，即便你不想再用这些表达
So you’re really good at it andyou’dlike to stop
但你就是做不到，因为你已经在你的身体里面
but youdon’t get to because you’ve built that little machine
创建了-个小小的“机器”
right into your being, right?
你和“小机器”通过神经系统相联，且这个“小机器”是你主观无法控制的
It’s neurologically wired and it’s not under conscious contro
任何你不断实践的事情，都会成为那个“小机器”
and anything you practice becomes that
它成了你身体的一部分，且成了你潜意识中的一个部分
It becomes part of you and that’s another element of the unconscious
一个不一样的部分
a different part
然后我们还有一创造性部分
And then there’s a creative papt which is that
比如你坐在那里
well you know you’re sitting arouind and
可能你想要去写点什么东西
maybe you’re trying to write somthing
也有可能你想搞点儿美术或者音乐上的艺术创作
or maybe you want o produgg孔piecg of art or 2 piece of musig
也许你就只是躺在床上做梦
or maybe you’re just laying in bed dreaming
你总是有形形色色的奇葩点子，尤其是当你在做梦时
and you have all these weird ideas and especially in dreams
你会去想。这些乱七八糟的想法点子究竟是哪儿来的
It’s like what…where do those things come from
还有个更奇怪的事儿:关于梦境，有一件事其实非常奇怪
and even more strange, one of the things that’s reallyweird about dreams
这件事超级无敌奇怪，那就是:你是你自己梦境的“观众””
andalmost impossibly weirdis that you’re an observer in the drear
感觉就跟这个你的梦境是“发生在“你的身上一样
Its like a dreamis something that happens to you
理论上，你应该是“造梦者”才对
well you’re dreamingit theoretically
既然你是造梦者，为啥你可以成为自己梦的观众呢?
So how is it that you can be an observer
你观看自己的梦就跟玩儿游戏、看电影一祥
it’s almost like you’re watching a video game or a movie
但明明你自己就是造梦者，至上原则上是这样的
but you’re producing it that…at least in principle
可能精神分析学家会说:不，不是这样的
Although the psychoanalysts would say: well…not exactly
你的梦境不是你的“自我”创造的，而是你的潜意识创造的
your ego isn’t producing it your unconscious is producing 0t
不能混为一谈
it’s a different thing
当然，荣格会说:更深人一点来讲
and of course Jung would say: well iCs deeper than that
你的梦境应该是“集体潜意识"创造的
the collectiveunconscious imight be producing
从某种程度来说，造梦者并不是你，或者说造梦者不是
IKs in some sense.it Dsn’t you exactly or t isn’t the you
当你在想自己时你所想到的那个自己
that you think of when you think of you
从弗洛伊德的角度来看，你所想到的你是你的“目我”
and that’s the ego from the Freudian perspective
即你赋予自己的身份，这便是所谓的“自我”
The you that you identify with,thats the ego
“自我”之外，就是你的*潜意识"了
and outside of that is the unconscious
你的“潜意识"其实就是你身体里的各种冲动，你可以将它们理解为
Itd…thats more the place of impulses and you could think about these
你的“生物子系统”，这些子系统都可以左右你的思维
as the biological subsystems that can derail your thinking, rightb
这些子系统掌控着你的许多事情，比如:极饿、性欲和倾略性
and that govern things like hunger and sex and aggression
我们也可以把这叫作我们的本能
and your basic instincts is another way of putting it
这么想其实是很合理的，因为你所具有的这些“子系统”
andit’s a reasonable way of thinking about it because these are subsystems
别的动物也都有
that you share with…with animals
哺乳动物都会有这样的“子系统”
You share them certainly with mamimals
爬行动物的“子系统”大多数也跟人类相似
you share mostof them with reptiles
两栖动物的“子系统”也有许多跟我们一样
you share alot of them with amphbians
甚至许多甲壳纲动物都会有这样的“子系统”
and even going all the way down to crustaceans
举个例子:即便在人类的等级序列中。你也能够找到共性
There’s commonality, for example, inthe dominance hierarchy circuits
所以，“子系统"真的可以追溯到很久很久以前了
and So these are very very old things
而你觉得你能够控制这些本能"这个观点…
and the ideathat you’rein controlof them is…o
其实，你实际上根本没有在控制这些本能
well, you’re not exactly in control of them
并且你的生物形态越低等
and 0 would say the less integ rated you are
，你对本能的控制力就会越小
theless youjre in control of them
本能对你的控制就会越大
and the more they’re in control of you
另外，本能有可能给你造成大麻烦
and that can get really out of hand, you know
举个例子:比如那些有强迫症的人
You can be like with people who have obsessive compulsive disorder
这些有强迫症的人会看起来就像…
for example, which…which…which is, which seems to be…o
就像被他们的潜意识中的分解因素支配了一样
1 would say that dissolutive elements in some sense of the unconscous
就像我刚刚给你们讲得那样
the way that it’s porthayed here
那些患有强迫症的的可怜人
Poor people with obsessive- compulsive disorder
他们可以把他们一半的时间花在做他们控制不住的事情上
they can spend half their time doing things that they can’t really cOnsrol
他们强迫自己做某件事的冲动非常强烈
andthey have very strong impulses to do them
他们想要阻止自己是非常困难的
and it’s very hard on them to block them you know
要是不让他们做某件事儿，他们会感到惶恐不安
they… they’ll almost panic if those things are blocked
还有就是那些患有妥瑞氏症的人
And then you have people with Tourette’s syndrome you know
这类患者他们会各种尬舞，说一些粗鄙之语
that they’ll be doing all sorts of weird dances and spouting off obs cenicnes
并且…并且控制不住地去模仿别人
and…and…n.and imitating people without being able to controlit
有时候只有给他们服用一些精神抑制药物
and.and sometimes a littlebit of anti- psychotic medication
半灵魂类的东西牢牢控制了他们的行为
semi spirits inside of them that grip control over the behavior andr
才能将他们控制住，但他们就好像身体里有一种自主的
can dampen that down but it’s as if there are these autonomous
并驱使他们去做某件事
make them do things and…
在你的日常生活中你也能多少发现类似的案例
you know, you find that to some degree in your ownlife becaluse
比如你喜欢上了某个人
maybe you’ve becomevery attractive to someone
即便你自己并不想去喜欢那个人
even maybe you donit want to be attracted to the person
但你发现自己还是会忍不住的给人家发信息
and then you find yourself, you know, textingthem
而你很清楚地知道你明明该上床睡觉了
when youknow perfectly well that you should be going to bed
但你就是控制不住你自己
andayou know you’re…you’re in a grip of something
你就是控制不住自己，这其实一部分就是“潜意识"造成的
and.and you can’t control it and that’s all part of the unconscios
这就是弗洛伊德研究的东西
andallpart ofwhat Freud was studying
