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linux下命令行安装oracle 11g数据库

时间:2021-01-31 19:24:11

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linux下命令行安装oracle 11g数据库

Centos6命令行安装oracle11g

参考网址

/ageeklet/article/details/81603482

1、准备:

本次安装的基本环境:vmware中安装centos6.10(虚拟机安装这里就不做介绍了)

注意:系统位数和数据库位数 我现在都是64位的 数据库的版本和系统的版本一定要一致 x64就是64位的

我之前就是系统是32位的 数据库是64位的 安装就报错了

虚拟机要求:内存推荐2G以上 空间推荐50G以上

需要下载Linux版本下对应的oracle安装包:

下载地址:/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

或者

链接:/s/1UcMUDlK-UupS_ermOnw5bg

提取码:oijw

上面的那个是11.2.0.4.0 下面的那两个是11.2.0.1.0 里面还有一些依赖包和安装方法 但是下面的这个安装方法是没问题的

对应的oracle版本:

linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

2、机器基础配置修改

(1)设置系统:Oracle只支持操作系统Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6,故需将/etc/redhat-release中的内容改成Red Hat

[root@Oracle ~]# vi /etc/redhat-release

#CentOS release 6.10 (Final)

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6

(2)机器信息关闭,selinux,防火墙的不必要的服务

[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config //selinux关闭(disabled)

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.

# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:

# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.

# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.

# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.

SELINUX=disabled

# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:

# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,

# mls - Multi Level Security protection.

SELINUXTYPE=targeted

[root@Oracle ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop //防火墙关闭

[root@Oracle ~]# vi /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4

::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

192.168.152.130 Oracle //新增行:IP机器名(这是我的ip和主机名)

就是这个ip

(3)修改用户的限制文件

[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf //在该文件内添加以下内容

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft stack 10240

(4)修改内核参数

[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf //在文件中添加以下内容

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 10523004

kernel.shmmax = 6465333657

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100128

net.core.rmem_default=262144

net.core.wmem_default=262144

net.core.rmem_max=4194304

net.core.wmem_max=1048576

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

[root@Oracle ~]# sysctl –p // 执行这条语句使配置生效

(5)依赖包安装

[root@Oracle ~]# yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc*.i686 glibc glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libgcc*.i686 libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.i686 libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686 libXp

3、建立用户、组,安装目录

(1)建立用户、组

[root@Oracle ~]# groupadd oinstall

[root@Oracle ~]# groupadd dba

[root@Oracle ~]# groupadd oper

[root@Oracle ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

[root@Oracle ~]# echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle

[root@Oracle ~]# id oracle //查看用户所属组

uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),503(oper)

(2)新建安装目录

[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app

[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle

[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product

[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0

[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /home/oracle/backup

[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /home/oracle/oraInventory

[root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /var/app

[root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/backup

[root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oraInventory

[root@Oracle ~]# chmod -R 775 /var/app

(3)设置并刷新环境变量

[root@Oracle ~]# cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile //给该文件添加以下内容

umask 022

export ORACLE_BASE=/var/app

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

export ORACLE_SID=ora11g

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib

[root@Oracle ~]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile //执行该句使配置生效

4、安装Oracle

(1)拷贝Oracle安装文件到指定目录

[root@Oracle ~]# cp linux.x64_11gR2_database_*.zip /var/app/oracle/

(2)切换到oracle用户,解压安装包

[root@Oracle ~]# su - oracle

[oracle@Oracle ~]$ cd /var/app/oracle/

[oracle@Oracle oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

[oracle@Oracle oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

解压后得到database目录,其中response目录里面有三个rsp文件,用来作为静默安装时应答文件的模板。分别为:

[oracle@Oracle response]$ ls -l

total 76

-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 44960 Aug 8 17:10 dbca.rsp //安装应答

-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 22752 Aug 8 14:23 db_install.rsp //创建数据库应答

-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall 5740 Feb 26 netca.rsp //建立监听,本地服务名等网络设置

(5)修改配置文件,安装Oracle数据库

[oracle@Oracle database]$ cp /var/app/oracle/database/response/ /home/oracle/ //备份

(6)修改后的静默安装配置文件db_install.rsp内容如下:

[root@db response]# cat db_install.rsp | grep -v '^#' | grep -v '^$'

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=db

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/var/app/oracle/oraInventory

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN

ORACLE_HOME=/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

ORACLE_BASE=/var/app/oracle

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false

oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,r:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,work:11.2.0.1.0,work.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall

oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=ora11g

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=ora11g

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1500

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=

oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=

oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=

MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=

MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=

SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

PROXY_HOST=

PROXY_PORT=

PROXY_USER=

PROXY_PWD=

(7)开始静默安装

[oracle@Oracle database]$ cd /var/app/oracle/database

[oracle@Oracle database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /var/app/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp

(8)查看安装进度

[oracle@Oracle database]$ cd /var/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs

[oracle@Oracle logs]$ tail -f installActions*log

(9)当出现以下信息时

var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

To execute the configuration scripts:

1. Open a terminal window

2. Log in as "root"

3. Run the scripts

4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue

Successfully Setup Software.

打开新的客户端使用root身份执行以下脚本

[root@Oracle ~]# var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

[root@Oracle ~]# var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

(10)执行完上面的脚本后回到安装界面按下Enter继续。

5、配置Oracle监听

(1)运行监听文件

[oracle@Oracle ~]$ cd /var/app/oracle/database/response

[oracle@Oracle response]$ netca /silent /responsefile /var/app/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp

运行成功之后,在/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin目录下会生成sqlnet.ora和listener.ora两个文件

[oracle@Oracle admin]$ ls

listener.ora samples shrept.lst sqlnet.ora tnsnames.ora

执行以下命令查看监听器是否已经在1521端口上开始工作了

[root@Oracle ~]# netstat -tlnp | grep 1521

tcp 0 0 :::1521 :::* LISTEN 1792/tnslsnr

如果监听没有启动,则手动启动监听器

[oracle@Oracle ~]$ lsnrctl start

(2)配置Oracle数据库

[oracle@Oracle response]$ pwd

/var/app/oracle/database/response

[oracle@Oracle response]$ vi dbca.rsp

GDBNAME = "orcl11." //78 行 全局数据库的名字=SID+主机域名

SID="ora11g" //149行 SID

SYSPASSWORD = "oracle" //190行

SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle" //200行

CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8" //415行 编码

NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8" //425行 编码

(3)创建数据库

[oracle@Oracle ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /var/app/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

6、启动数据库

进入Oracle SQL命令行

[oracle@Oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> startup

ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initora11g.ora'

启动时会出现以上错误,解决方法如下:找到init.ora.7817526文件,将其复制到/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs目录下

[oracle@Oracle admin]$ locate init.ora //定位寻找目标文件

/var/app/admin/orcl11g/pfile/init.ora.7817526 //目标文件

/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/init.ora

/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/srvm/admin/init.ora

[oracle@Oracle admin]$ cd /var/app/admin/orcl11g/pfile/

[oracle@Oracle pfile]$ ls

init.ora.7817526

[oracle@Oracle pfile]$ cp init.ora.7817526 /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/

[oracle@Oracle dbs]$ mv init.ora.7817526 initora11g.ora //将目标文件改成所需文件名

进入到Oracle SQL命令行中,执行startup

[oracle@Oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Aug 10 01:59:43

Copyright (c) 1982, , Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> startup //启动数据库实例

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 839282688 bytes

Fixed Size 2217992 bytes

Variable Size 494929912 bytes

Database Buffers 339738624 bytes

Redo Buffers 2396160 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

**** 参考文章:

/JIANG123456T/article/details/77745892

/zxx2403/article/details/46594597

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