句子成分的分析是英语阅读的根基，一起来巩固学习一下吧！
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；
主要成分有主语和谓语；
次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
一、主语
主语（subject)：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
1.Jane is good at playing the piano.
2.She went out in a hurry.
3.Four plus four is eight.
4.To see is to believe.
5.Smoking is bad for health.
6.The young should respect the old.
7.What he said is true.
8. It is necessary to master a foreign language. （it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式)
二、谓语
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，即说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由动词充当.
动词常分为实义动词,系动词,情态动词和助动词.
He ate two eggs this morning.
She cleans her room every day.
She came．
The bird died
三、宾语
宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后 面,分别称为动宾和介宾。
1.We study English.
2.He is looking at them.
3.He has refused to helpthem.
4. She enjoys reading.
5. I don believe what he said.
6. She found itnecessary to learn a foreign language.
△双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。
He gave me two books.
四、表语
表语位于系动词之后，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
1.Our English teacher is an American.
2. The weather has turned cold.
3. The speech is exciting
4.His job is to teach English.
5. His hobby（爱好）is playing football.
6. Time is up.The class is over.
7. The machine must be out of order.
8.The truth is that he has never been abroad.
五、宾语补足语
英语中有些及物动词，只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思, 必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语, 才能使意思完整。（去掉宾补句子就不完整，甚至说讲不通。）
宾语补足语: 位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词, 形容词, 不定式,动名词, 分词, 介词短语等。
The story made us happy.
这类常用的及物动词有 ：
make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.
六、定语
定语，用来修饰、限定名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：
1.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
2. China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）
3.My mother bought a birthday cake for me.（名词）
4. Her brother is a teacher.（代词）
5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
8.She is the girl who sings best in my class.（定语从句）
七、状语
状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的句子成分, 说明方式、 原因、结果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方式、程度、目的、伴随情况等。可用作状语的有副词, 不定式, 分词, 介词短语, 从句等。(位置灵活，句首，句中，句末都行）
1.I will be back in a while.时间状语
2.They are playing on the playground. 地点状语
3.He was late because he got up late.原因状语从句
4.I got up so late that I missed the train. 结果状语从句
八、同位语
同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词或名词短语，对前者加以说明的成分。（后者就是前者）
1. We young people should respect the old. 名词
2.He himself will do the experiment. 代词
3.He is the oldest among them four.数词
4.He told me the news that our team won the game.同位语从句
