一、定义
动名词，指的是动词ing形式的一种，兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。英语中的动名词是由动词变化而来。
二、功能
与名词类同，在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
三、动名词的复合结构
1、物主代词 + 动名词
Do you mind my opening the window?你介意我打开窗户吗？
Inolongerhaveanyobjectiontoyourgoingtoseeher.
我不会再因为你去见她而不高兴。
2、人称代词 + 动名词
I really can"t understand you treating her like that.你那样对她我真的不理解。
3、名词所有格 + 动名词
Jack"s not getting the station on time made us worried.杰克没有准时到达车站使我们很担忧。
4、名词普通格 + 动名词
I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Allantic Ocean in five days.我简直不敢想象彼得在五天内横渡大西洋。四、特征
它也可以被副词修饰或者用来支配宾语。但它没有时态变化而只有"式"的变化，分为一般式和完成式。五、时态和语态
时态和语态否定式：not + doing
主动语态被动语态
一般式doingbeen done
完成式having donehavingbeen done
动名词否定式
Mary"s not passing the exam made her mother very angry.玛丽考试不及格使她妈妈非常生气。
Trying without success is better than not trying at all.实验没有成功也比不实验好。
He hated himself for not having work hard.他悔恨自己没有用功。
动名词被动式
She didn"t mind her books being taken away and used by other students.她并不介意她的书被别的学生拿去用。
动名词完成式
I know nothing about his having gone to Beijing.我不知道他已经去了北京。
六、用法1、作主语 A、直接位于句首做主语，谓语用单数：
Skating is a very good sport in winter.滑冰是冬天很好的运动。
Hiking can be a relaxing and rewarding activity.徒步旅行可以是一种放松和有益的活动。
Swimming in the winter can boost your immune system.冬天游泳可以增强你的免疫系统。
Learning a foreign language is easier at a young age.年轻时学一门外语比较容易。
若有两个或两个以上的动名词及复合结构作主语时，谓语要用复数：
Reading books in English and talking withnative speakers are good ways to practice.阅读英语书籍和与以英语为母语的人交谈是很好的练习方法。
Jogging and biking give your heart a good workout.慢跑和骑自行车能让你的心脏得到很好的锻炼。
Taking tests and giving presentations stressmany people out.参加考试和做报告会让很多人感到压力。
B、动名词作主语，不常用 it 作先行主语的形容词有：nice，better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，pointless，worthwhile 等，但 important，essential，necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。
1)、不常用：
nice:It"s nice being with you.和你在一起真好。
pointless:I thought it pointless starting before eight o"clock.我认为八点前开始没有意义。
useless:It is useless talking about it with him.和他谈这件事是没用的。
worthwhile:It didn"t seem worthwhile writing it all out again.把这再都写出来似乎不必要。
2)、常见的能用于这种结构的有：any/no good，any/no use and (not) worth：
any/no good:It"s no good talking to him - he never listens.跟他说话没用-他从来不听。
any/no use:Is it any use expecting them to be on time?希望他们准时来有什么用吗？
It"s no use his/him apologising - I shall never forgive him.他/他道歉没用-我永远不会原谅他的。
It is no use telling him to keep clean.叫他保持干净没有用。
(not) worth:I didn"t think it worth complaining about the meal.我觉得这顿饭不值得抱怨。
C、用于“There be”结构中。
There is no saying when he"ll come.很难说他何时回来。
ThereisnoreasoningwithsuchastubbornmanasPeter.跟彼得这种固执的人讲理简直是不可能的事。
D、用于布告形式的省略结构中。
No smoking.禁止吸烟。
No parking.禁止停车。
E、动名词的复合结构作主语，当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构（这时，名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语）。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语，例如：
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.他们来帮忙对我们是一种极大的鼓励。
My opening the door annoyed him.
我开门使他烦恼。
Nixon’s visiting China marked a new ear between U.S. and China diplomatic relations.尼克松访问中国标志着中美外交关系进入一个新的时代。
2、作宾语
A、作动词的宾语
admit:She admitted having driven the car without insurance.她供认驾驶了这辆没有保险的轿车。
advise:I"d advise buying your tickets well in advanceif you want to travel in August.要是想在八月份去旅行，我建议及早购票。
allow:We do not allow smoking in the hall.我们不准有人在大厅内吸烟。
appreciate:I don"t appreciate being treated like a second-class citizen.我不愿被人当作二等公民。
avoid:I"ve been avoiding getting down to work all day.我一整天都刻意不投入工作。
cannot help(can"t help):When we listen to the crosstalk, we cannot help laughing.听相声，我们情不自禁地笑了起来。
consider:We"re considering buying a new car.我们在考虑买一辆新车。
delay:He delayed telling her the news, waiting for the right moment.他没有马上把消息告诉她，等有了适当的时机再说。
enjoy:I enjoy playing tennis and squash.我喜欢打网球和壁球。
escape:He narrowly escaped being killed.他险些丧命。
excuse:Excuse my interrupting you.对不起，打扰你一下。
finish:Be quiet! He hasn"t finished speaking.安静！他还没有讲完。
imagine:She imagined walking into the office and handing in her resignation.她想象着自己走进办公室，递上辞呈。
include:Your duties include typing letters and answering the telephone.你的职责是打信件和接电话。
keep:I keep forgetting it"s December.我总是忘了现在是12月了。
mind:Did she mind not getting the job?她没得到这份工作是不是很介意？
miss:She narrowly missed hitting him.她差一点没打着他。
permit:A group of senators plans to filibuster a measure that would permit drilling in Alaska.一群参议员计划通过发表长篇大论来阻挠一项允许在阿拉斯加州钻探石油的议案获得通过。
practise:Practise reversing the car into the garage.练习倒车入车库。
report:The neighbours reported seeing him leave the building around noon.邻居们反映说在中午时分看见他离开了大楼。
resist:The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates.银行强烈反对降低利率。
risk:They knew they risked being arrested.他们知道自己冒着被捕的危险。
stand:She couldn"t stand being kept waiting.叫她等着，她会受不了。
suggest:I suggested going in my car.我提议坐我的车去。
B、作介词的宾语
1)、通常放在由动词或形容词与介词组成的动词短语或形容词短语后。
complain of:
She complains of the book being too difficult.她抱怨这本书太难。
depend on:You can’t depend on their doing it.你不能指望他们做这事。
devote … to …:Considerable resources have been devoted to proving him a liar.为了证明他是个骗子已投入了相当多的人力和财力。
feel like:Although sometimes I feel like bothering, as often as not I don"t.虽然我有时会觉得这是在找麻烦，但是通常并不会这样。
get down to:I can get down to nitpicking detail, I am pretty fussy aboutcertain things.我会挑剔细节，我对某些事情相当吹毛求疵。
get used to:You quickly get used to using the brakes.你很快就会习惯使用刹车的。
give up:He is thinking of giving up teaching.他在考虑辞去教书的工作。keep on:He didn"t come at all. It was silly of us to keep on waiting for him.他根本没有来，我们傻等了他半天。
insist on:If you insist on leaving now, please go ahead.你一定要走，那就请便吧。
look forward to:He was looking forward to working with the new Prime Minister.他期待着与新首相共事。
pay attention to:In economic work, we should pay attention to opening up the source and regulating the flow from time to time.在经济工作中，应该经常注意开源节流。
put off:Women who put off having a baby often make the best mothers.晚育的女性经常会成为最优秀的母亲。
think about:I do think about having children, maybewhen I"m 40.我的确在考虑要孩子的问题，也许等到我40岁吧。
think of:
We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.
我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。
set about:
Undaunted by the scale of the job, Lesley set about planning how each room should look.
莱斯利并没有被这项浩大的工程所吓倒，开始着手规划每个房间的格局。
succeed in:
How did your mother succeed in keeping the peace between these two very different men?
你母亲是如何做到让这两个性格迥异的男人相安无事的？
worry about:
Today he does not have to worry about making a living.
现在他不用为生活发愁了。
be responsible for:
I know who is responsible for breaking the window.
我知道窗户是谁打破的。
be used to:
Micky is used to handling dodgy deals but this time fears he may have bitten off more than he can chew.
米基本来是善于处理棘手交易的，可是这回他可能会力有不逮。
名词 + 介词：
There aremany ways of doing it.
有许多方法可以做这件事。
2)、动名词可以和一些介词如in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides 等构成介词宾语短语，在句中作状语。
on + 动名词：
On leaving school, he went into business.
一离开学校，他就投身到商业中去了。
besides + 动名词：Besides working as a doctor, he also writes novels in his spare time.除了当医生之外，他在业余时间还写小说。
without + 动名词：Without wanting to criticize, I think youcould have done better.我不是想要批评谁，只是认为你本可以做得更好一些。
C、作形容词的宾语。
worth:The music is well worth listening to more than once.这种曲子很值得多听几遍。
This idea is well worth considering.这个想法很值得考虑。
busy:We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet.我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。
James is busy practising for the school concert.詹姆斯正忙着为学校音乐会排练。
D、在 want（需要）, need（需要）, deserve（值得）, require（需要）等动词后做宾语时，动名词的主动形式表达被动意义。例如：
want:The trees want watering.这些树需要浇水了。
need:
Your car needs filling.你这车要充气了。
deserve:This city deserves visiting.这座城市值得光顾一下。
require:The problem requires studying carefully.这个问题需要认真研究。
E、动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，将动名词后置于宾语补足语之后，例如：
We found it no good making fun of others.我们发现取笑他人不好。
3、作表语动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或 what 引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。如果句中的主语和表语同为动词时，要注意保持两个动词在形式上的一致。
Your task is cleaning the windows.你的任务就是擦窗户。
What I hate most is being laughed at.我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。
The most popular pastime is playing chess.最大众化的消遣是下棋。
The only thing that interests her is working.她唯一感兴趣的事就是工作。
Wordsarebutwind,butseeingisbelieving.
耳听为虚，眼见为实。
4、作定语动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途，例如：a walking stick 拐杖；手杖
a washing machine洗衣机
a reading room阅览室
a measuring tape卷尺
sleeping pills安眠药片
a swimming pool游泳池
a dining car餐车
a singing competition歌咏比赛
reading material阅读材料
an opening speech开幕词
a listening aid助听器
a waiting room候车
He can"t walk without a walking stick.他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimmingpool in your school?你们学校有游泳池吗？
七、动名词变化规则
